Artificial Intelligence for One Health in Aquaculture: A Review of Applications and Connections

In recent years, the rapid expansion of aquaculture as a major food source highlights the interconnectedness of animal health, ecosystem sustainability, and public health, the core of the One Health approach. Simultaneously, Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides unprecedented tools to understand, monitor, and optimize these complex systems. This comprehensive review illustrates AI’s transformative applications in aquaculture and assesses their direct contributions to One Health. It explores how AI-driven precision aquaculture enhances food safety through real-time monitoring of animal welfare and environmental conditions. The review covers AI’s role in managing veterinary drug residues, a key One Health challenge, via predictive analytics and smart residue tracking. It analyzes AI’s capacity to strengthen biosecurity through early pathogen detection and dynamic risk assessment for safer production. Furthermore, the article examines AI’s adoption for sustainable aquaculture, ensuring long-term supply through resource efficiency and ecosystem monitoring. Finally, it details AI’s critical function in controlling feed quality for fish health and product safety. By synthesizing current research, this article argues that strategically deploying AI is an essential enabler for operationalizing the One Health framework, ultimately safeguarding and sustaining global aquatic food systems.